quarta-feira, 7 de novembro de 2012

Porquê?



“Isto são vidros a partir. Não estás a ouvir os estilhaços a cair? Olha, agora são pedras atiradas às paredes e à porta de ferro da loja. Agora são as pessoas a rir. Porquê? E agora são os soldados a cantar.”
(excerto de: Os Cães e os Lobos, de lrène Némirovsky, Relógio d’Água)


O trecho descreve um pogrom antijudaico durante a Ocupação nazi de França. A enunciação em discurso direto indica a existência de uma clivagem interna entre o acontecimento e os seus intervenientes e alguém que, do exterior, o viveu e agora o narra, a própria autora.
A pergunta, na sua crueza, esbarra como um vazio ininteligível à espera de uma resposta contra a violência gratuita e jubilosa dos sodados e das “pessoas” que com eles são coniventes.
Mas jamais terá uma resposta porque a essência das perseguições e do seu desfecho no Holocausto representam um limite a toda a teoria.
Duas palavras sobre o romance.
O título do livro, publicado em 1940 na língua francesa, indica dois grupos de judeus, de diferentes geografias e com atitudes distintas relativamente à assimilação: “os cães” são os que residem nos subúrbios da moda e que se esqueceram das suas origens; “os lobos” sãos os judeus de Leste que procuram conservar as suas raízes e manter as suas tradições.
O tema da obra é a assimilação dos judeus, mas estruturado a partir de uma situação amorosa triangular. A questão da assimilação era relevante para qualquer judeu por várias razões: a expressão numérica dos judeus em França (cerca de um milhão); o antissemitismo era latente na sociedade francesa, desde o caso Dreyfus, pelo menos.
Os três personagens do livro são jovens, com relações familiares, a residir num gueto: Ada, Ben e Harry
Ada, a personagem central, é uma pintora introvertida. Num primeiro momento é submissa, mas depois tona-se decidida. Vivendo uma relação amorosa triangular e especular: ela deseja um primo longínquo, idealizado (Harry), e um primo com quem ela foi educada (Bem) deseja-a a ela.
 Os dois primos são fisicamente uma cópia um do outro mas são moralmente opostos. Ada opta então pelo primo Harry, sabendo que opta por um amor romanesco que não lhe traz alegria mas serenidade. Mas por outro lado, a comum educação com o primo que rejeitou, faz com que ela se case com ele.
Ada considera que a escolha a fazer no plano cultural – ser judia ou francesa - tem de se fundamentar nas razões da educação e da tradição e não do amor. Por isso, escolhe o lado dos lobos. Harry sente que a assimilação lhe será conveniente, materialmente, mas sente-o como uma traição, uma máscara que lhe vem ferir a sua carne, a sua matriz cultural.   
Esta história de amor dividido e infeliz é afinal a história do povo judeu: cindido entre uma memória com a qual comunica em espelho, imaginariamente, e obrigado a viver em contragosto uma conformidade a uma tradição cultural alheia.
Pode ler-se online um trabalho de análise, em francês, da autoria de Ana Fernandes, da Universidade do Porto.

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